Toll products for a fully electronic road must encompass markets of road users who vary widely. Those different markets may only be well served by a suitably wide range of products. For users with very infrequent use, the product must involve low allocation of fixed costs: a tag and a user account established in advance is unsuitable and uneconomic. For interstate and international tourists, the product must involve a minimum of learning and an ease of comprehension. Motorists who frequently change cars (most taxi drivers included) require a custom product. Emergency vehicles, customers from rural or remote regions, car rental operators, motor traders are some further examples of markets requiring different product features. The design of each product must encompass the deterrents of toll avoidance. Deterrents involve a range of measures, including market education, publicity and road signage, designed to encourage toll payment. They also include sanctions, which may be invoked if a toll road user breaches either the law or the terms of a contract. Toll enforcement is the invoking of those sanctions.
Samenvatting