A model (Optimum Road Pricing based on Environmental Capacity) is developed that extends the area-wide environmental capacity (AWEC) model with the inclusion of a travel demand model that is sensitive to road pricing. As meteorological conditions are dynamic, time-dependent charges are levied on motorists to reduce demand and achieve environmental targets. Five tolling schemes are modelled to determine optimum tolls: distance based; zone based; cordon based; distance-based marginal cost pricing (MCP), including the congestion cost (congestion time externalities); and distance-based environmental externality pricing. A case study of model application is made of the transport network for the central Area of Sydney using travel data for 1999. The result obtained for vehicle kilometres of travel (VKT) in the study area (base case) is then compared to the target VKT corresponding to the AWEC model. Meteorological conditions are incorporated in the AWEC model by the "ventilation rate" to reflect the mixing height of air and wind-speed. (Author/publisher) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E209537. This paper may also be accessed by Internet users at: http://www.btre.gov.au/docs/atrf_02/program.html
Samenvatting