This paper is concerned with one of the three requirements of a sustainable transport system, namely the environmental dimension. It starts by presenting components and interactions of the transport and traffic systems using causal diagrams. Generic traffic problems are identified and their causes categorized. A classification of demand and supply based policies and measures that can be used in designing environmentally sustainable transport strategies is depicted. Such strategies are targeted toward minimizing the generic traffic problems encountered in metropolitan cities i.e. traffic congestion, accidents, environmental degradation and energy inefficiencies. In this paper travel demand and land use management are considered as two of the basic pillars for designing environmentally sustainable transport strategies. Criteria for comparing demand versus supply based policies are suggested. These are applied to assess the benefits and limitations of each policy, hence assisting decision makers in the prioritisation and choice of such policies. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD no 207828. The reprints are also available at the web - http://www.vti.se/pdf/reports/K18APart1.pdf; http://www.vti.se/pdf/reports/K18APart2.pdf and http://www.vti.se/pdf/reports/K18APart3.pdf.
Samenvatting