Estimating the labor savings in a dual-mode transit system. Paper prepared for the 1st International Conference on Dual-Mode Transportation, Washington, May 29-31, 1974.

Dual mode transit systems will be less labour intensive than non-automated bus operations because a large percentage of the average trip will be on an automated guideway. The theoretical labour saving is given by the ratio (on-guideway travel time) / (total travel time), but the practical saving will be somewhat lower due to unavoidable inefficiencies of vehicle and driver scheduling.