The paper describes the various approaches to the modelling of non-home-based travel in disaggregate travel demand systems, starting with the early model of the Amsterdam area, SIGMO, completed in 1977. SIGMO was followed by a model of the Hague - Rotterdam area, the Zuidvleugel Study, in which the primary destination tour approach was introduced. Subsequently, following experiments in transferability and system development, these models culminated in the Dutch National Model System (NMS), into which new treatments of non-home-based travel were gradually introduced. In parallel with this work, non-home-based travel was modelled in detail in the new SySTeM, the Sydney Strategic Travel model, SIMS, the Stockholm model, and became a feature of the Activity Analysis approach to generating travel demand, most recently in the Portland, Oregon model system. In successive sections, the authors describe the beginnings of the use of disaggregate modelling to tackle non-home-based travel, chart its progress through some large-scale working model systems, and finally offer some ideas on ways ahead, to improve both accuracy and practicality.
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