Die Art der Gestaltung von Strassen loest bei Kraftfahrern Erwartungen ueber die vermeintlich dort vorherrschenden Fahrbedingungen aus. Damit sich Kraftfahrer auf die tatsaechlichen, das heisst objektiv vorgefundenen Situationsbedingungen im Sinne eines angemessenen Fahrverhaltens rechtzeitig und hinreichend einstellen koennen, wird es fuer notwendig angesehen, eine moegliche Diskrepanz zwischen der subjektiven Erwartungshaltung und den objektiven Bedingungen zu vermindern. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde das Ziel verfolgt, ueber die Wirkung der Elemente, die das Bild einer Strasse bestimmen, grundlegende Kenntnisse zu gewinnen. Das Projekt war begrenzt auf historische Baumalleen, wo gestalterische Veraenderungen auf enge Grenzen stossen und selten ueber die unsystematische Variation einiger Strassenausstattungselemente hinausgehen. Die fahrerbegleitenden, video- und messtechnisch aufgezeichneten Beobachtungen fanden mit einem hierzu speziell ausgeruesteten Fahrzeug im Raum Berlin / Brandenburg auf einem 200 km langen Rundkurs statt, auf dem zahlreiche Alleen unter Tages-/Nacht- sowie Sommer-/Winterbedingungen von einer dem "Durchschnittsfahrer" gleichkommenden Personengruppe zu durchfahren waren. Zur Ueberpruefung der interessierenden Zusammenhaenge zwischen dem Fahrerverhalten (operationalisiert durch die Merkmale "Fahrgeschwindigkeit" sowie "Seitenabstandsverhalten") und Einflussgroessen des Strassenraums kamen multivariate Pruefstatistiken zum Einsatz. Bericht zum Forschungsprojekt 94.432 der Bundesanstalt fuer Strassenwesen. Titel in Englisch: Surveillance of driver behaviour on country roads taking the example of tree-lined avenues. English abstract: The type of road design triggers driver expectations about the ostensible driving conditions prevailing there. In order that drivers can adapt adequately to the actual, i.e. the objectively present conditions, in the sense of measured driver behaviour in good time, it appears necessary to reduce any possible discrepancy between subjective expectations and the objective conditions. The aim of the present work was to acquire basic knowledge concerning the effect of the factors determining the total scene of a road. The project was limited to historic, tree-lined avenues where design changes have been strictly limited and have seldom gone beyond unsystematic variation in a few features of the road environment. Surveillance using video and measurement technology was carried out on a specially equipped vehicle on a 200 km circuit in the Berlin / Brandenburg area, where numerous avenues were driven on by a group of persons who might be deemed "average drivers" both day and night and summer and winter. To examine the interesting connections between driving behaviour (taken as the features road speed and distance from the side of the road) and influential parameters on the roadway, multivariate test statistics were applied. Road speed on tree-lined sections of road is preponderantly affected by a number of features through which roads can be described as to their equipment. Typical features are e.g. road markings, maximum speed limits or the quality of the road surface. Distance from the side of the road on the other hand is influenced far more by the structural design of roads (e.g. the width) but also by the impression aroused by the environment (e.g. distance of trees at the side of the carriageway or visual restriction due to vegetation). The distance maintained by drivers from the side of the road also changed with the traffic situation or the state of the roads (e.g. proceeding or oncoming vehicles, day- or night-driving, or the weather conditions) and indeed more than according to the actual features of the road environment. One exception here is road markings (whether in the middle or at the side of the road) even though these, just like the crowns of trees, guideposts, protective planks or sign boards, play a far more influential role on road speed. The correlation between speeds measured and speed limit signs was especially high. Higher permitted speeds led to correspondingly higher average speeds by drivers and straight stretches also led to a reduced distance from the side of the road. Some indications lead one to suppose that guiding elements on straight stretches, if they clearly delimit the distance from the side environment not forming part of the road (e.g. guideposts, crowns of trees on the right hand side, external markings) have a minor tendency to cause reduced speed, but that guiding elements which at the same time only apply to the oncoming traffic (central markings or crowns of trees on the left), as regards the speeds measured achieve a directly opposite speed-enhancing effect. In the sense of their obvious barrier function, the external guide elements on left-hand bends deserve special consideration. Guide posts, external markings and crowns of trees (on the left-hand side) tend to cause a reduction in speed, whereas markings in the middle of the road whose guiding function appears to predominate on leftward bends, tend rather to cause increased speed. The original report contains appendices with tables of the features and codes used, summarised findings and calculated test statistics. In addition, the trends found on straight stretches, bends and horizontal undulations are shown in tabular form. It was decided not to include these appendices in the current publication. They are available at the Federal Highway Research Institute and can be consulted there. References to the appendices in the main text have been retained.
Samenvatting