Research and considerations concerning mistakes in loading are presented on the basis of actual accident cases. The main problems are the securing of the load against sliding, rolling, falling and overturning. Practical and detailed loading regulations exist only since october 1975 in the form of the VDI recommendations "load safety on road vehicles". Any part of the load may be subject to the following forces: gravity, support reactions, braking and accelerating forces, inertial forces when travelling on curves and frictional forces. These forces are opposed by three kinds of support: the securing of the free and unsupported load by frictional forces between parts of the load or between the load and the vehicle, the securing by direct or indirect support from parts of the vehicle (in particular the walls of the load compartment) as well as the provision of special security aids. Different possibilities of load fixing are illustrated with the aid of photographs. In relation to the subject "permissible load dimensions and adequate marking of projecting loads" sections 2 to 5 of paragraph 22 of stVO are quoted. The third chapter deals with errors which arise from exceeding the permitted total weights and axle loads or from an incorrect load distribution. Load distribution plans are a useful aid in the avoidance of such mistakes and their compilation is explained in detail.
Samenvatting