This article describes the SIM mathematical model for forecasting passenger car fuel consumption and exhaust fume emissions under normal driving conditions. It has been written in Fortran on a Matrasun computer. The model determines the energy consumption of a vehicle taking into account: (a) various kinematic data such as speed, gear ratio values and the profile of a hill or the strength and direction of the prevailing wind; (b) aerodynamics of factors. The mass and rolling resistance elements of 10 vehicle are stored within the Programme along with details of the transmission of each vehicle; (c) transmission details, such as type of transmission (thermal, electric or hybrid), gear reductions and influences of power train elements, and curves of gear changes for any given gearbox; (d) details of the engine, such as its inertia and operating range. Details of how the program calculates the loads applied to the engine, the control of the gearbox, clutch control and engine parameters are provided, as are details of how the results obtained have been validated. Finally, the application of the model to hybrid transmission is discussed.
Samenvatting