This study focuses on the transport systems of London, New York, Paris and Tokyo, and is composed of three distinct sections: (1) a description of government and institutional organisation of transport in each city; (2) an outline of the cities' socio-demographic structures; and (3) an analysis of their transport systems. The report is presented in five chapters: (1) introduction - this section presents the division of the cities into the zonal structures that form the backbone for the study's comparative analytical framework; (2) institutional organisation of transport; (3) population, employment and social structures; (4) transport structure. This last section provides a description of the physical characteristics of the transport systems, metros, regional railways, buses and motorways, followed by an examination of the frequency of service on the metros and regional railways, as well as reliability (cancellations), punctuality and overcrowding. Similar origin-destination matrices for each city and for each mode have been created. The travel analysis also includes trip making and commuting into central areas as well as all trips within the metropolitan areas. Levels and trends of different types of traffic accident in each city are compared, and access to each city's airports and the number of destinations served.
Samenvatting