The transport companies and authorities in the Association of German Transport Undertakings (VDV) carry 27 million passengers per day, mostly in integrated public transport systems under the motto: one ticket, one timetable, one fare. Most passengers use season tickets. In 2002, VDV initiated a research project for an interoperable data and interface standard. The VDV Core Application was developed. Electronic fare management (EFM) consisted of three levels: non-cash payment, electronic tickets, and automatic fare calculation. The VDV Core Application aimed to standardise the customer interfaces on the individual levels of EFM and to design them in a mutually interoperable form. For passengers, this means a guarantee of uninterrupted travel and selective individual journeys using the same application in the networks of all contractually integrated operators. The VDV Core Application can be stored on various media, e.g. the GeldKarte eWallet, transport companies own cards or mobile telephone SIM cards. The organisational implementation of the VDV Core Application is the responsibility of VDV-Kernapplikations GmbH.
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