L'histoire nous montre qu'il existe plusieurs formes de financement des infrastructures, depuis le financement public budgétaire "traditionnel" issu des imports et taxes au "pur" financement prive avec droit de recours limite base sur la perception de droits de passage ou collecte de péage. Mais les investissements sont considérables et les procédures d'attribution se trouvent en "concurrence" majeure avec les dépenses des autres missions fondamentales de l'État. La route reste toutefois un facteur clé du développement économique. De nombreux pays cherchent a mettre en place de nouvelles formes de financement extrabudgétaire ou hors budget dans le cadre d'une coopération élargie et renouvelée entre organismes publics et sociétés privees pour créer, continuer à développer ou entretenir leur réseau routier. (A) English abstract: A historic survey shows that there are various types of road infrastructure financing, from "traditional" public funding through budgetary resource allocation relying on general taxes and duties, to "pure" private funding through limited resource project financing based on road pricing or toll collection. But road investment needs are huge and allocation procedures reflect a fierce "competition" with other fundamental public services. Road infrastructure remains however a key element for enhancing economic development. Many countries try to set up new forms of extra-budgetary or off-budgetary financing within the framework of an enlarged and renewed co-operation between public bodies and private companies allowing to develop further, or maintain properly their road network. This document does not pretend to supply an exhaustive overview, description or explanation of the different modes and methods of road infrastructure financing. Summarising the contributions provided by the members of PIARC Committee on Financing and Economic Evaluation (C9) and available publications, its aim is to highlight the main options, and provide some guidance beyond the theory, to select appropriate methods based on international best practice. (A)
Samenvatting