The iMobility Challenge project aims to demonstrate, promote and boost the deployment of ICT systems for energy efficient and sustainable mobility. The project also takes safety into account in all its activities because safety is an essential element of sustainability of transport and mobility and also reflected in the work carried out by iMobility Forum. In addition to promotion of ICT systems for energy efficient and sustainable mobility, iMobility Challenge carries out support studies to study the deployment status and impacts of the systems, to assess consumer awareness and demand and to obtain feedback from the users of the systems. The objective of the study was to provide a mapping of services and systems which support energy efficient and sustainable mobility. The main focus in the study was in cooperative ITS (intelligent transport systems) applications and systems which provide largest reductions in energy consumption and emissions. The aim of the study was to provide information on the deployment status of the systems, identify and list on-going research projects featuring the systems and provide information on potential impacts of the systems such as estimated CO2 reductions and safety impacts. This study will serve as background information for materials and deliverables to be produced later in the project, support the selection of systems to be promoted by iMobility Challenge and act as background material for stakeholder discussions. The work was started by defining the most important terms and concepts and by clarifying the scope of the study. The study was then continued with a literature study to collect information on ICT systems for energy efficient and sustainable mobility, their impacts and deployment status. The systems identified in the literature study were then analysed using multicriteria analysis to identify the most potential systems which should be promoted to consumers and decision-makers. Before starting the multicriteria analysis, a criteria for systems to be promoted was established on the basis of the requirements collected from the project group and discussions with the stakeholder group involved in the project. When selecting systems to be promoted for decision-makers, the following minimum requirements were set: the system is available as a pilot or prototype to allow promotion and demonstration activities, the deployment horizon for the system is within five years, the system is relevant for at least one of the transport policy objectives, the system is either a cooperative system or a standalone in-vehicle system which contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly transport system and that at least some information on impacts on environment is available. When selecting systems to be promoted for consumers, the following minimum requirements were identified: the system is available as a commercial product, the system is ready for deployment, the system is relevant for at least one of the transport policy objectives, the system is either a cooperative system or a stand-alone in-vehicle system which contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly transport system and the system has impacts on environment documented in research. In total, 19 candidate systems were analysed in the study. 10 of them are covered by the list of priority iMobility systems, and 10 of them are cooperative systems. Two systems (fuel-efficient route choice including advance planning and speed alert) have both cooperative and stand-alone implementations. Nine of the 19 studied candidate systems were found to have at least potential positive impacts on environment. Of the nine systems having positive effects on environment, five systems (eco-driving assistance, eco-driving coaching, fuel-efficient route choice including advance planning, start-stop assistant and tire pressure monitoring system) had a quantitative estimate for reduction of CO2 or other emissions on the European level from earlier research. For the remaining four systems (speed alert, real-time travel and traffic information, cooperative adaptive cruise control, and dynamic traffic light optimisation and optimum speed advisory) the information on the impacts on CO2 emissions was specific to some conditions, covered only partly the functionality of the system or was a qualitative expert assessment. Of the cooperative systems having positive impacts on environment, only one (fuel-efficient route choice including advance planning) had a quantitative estimate for CO2 reduction on the European level. Most studies on the impacts on CO2 emissions are based on simulations, expert opinion or small-scale field tests; this was expected because of the novelty of the systems under analysis. 13 of the 19 candidate systems analysed in the study were found to have at least potential positive impacts on safety of road users. Of these 13 systems, seven were cooperative systems. The methods used to estimate safety impacts are rather heterogeneous due to differences between systems and their level of maturity. For most systems, the estimates for safety impacts are based on simulations, expert opinion and small-scale field tests. Only limited amount of research was found to be available on the impacts of cooperative systems on traffic fluency and service level provided by transport system. This partly related to the novelty of the systems. The following systems were selected for promotion to decision-makers on the basis of the results of multicriteria analysis: eco-driving coaching, speed alert (active gas pedal version, cooperative implementation standardised), dynamic traffic light synchronization and optimum speed advisory, cooperative adaptive cruise control, eCall, fuel efficient route choice (most advanced versions of fuelefficient route choice navigation would also use real time information so they have a cooperative element to it). The list contains three cooperative systems, two systems which exist as both cooperative and stand-alone systems and one stand-alone in-vehicle system. The following systems were selected for promotion to end-users on the basis of results of the multicriteria analysis: ecodriving assistance, real-time traffic information, start-stop assistant and tire pressure monitoring system. The list contains three stand-alone systems and one cooperative system. While implementation road maps were available for priority iMobility systems, detailed deployment plans or implementation road maps were not available for most cooperative systems. Only few cooperative systems have deployment roadmaps which are publicly available and up to date. This means that expert opinion had to be used to determine the most likely deployment path and expected time of large-scale deployment for those systems. Deployment road maps should be drafted for systems which are seen the most promising in terms of impacts, cost-effectiveness and relevancy of impacts to policy goals. Most studies which have provided information on the impacts of cooperative systems have been carried out by the projects which have been developing the systems. However, independent evaluation of impacts is recommended to be carried out before large-scale deployment of the systems. Finally, establishing a repository for public deliverables of EC funded projects or encouraging the use of existing research document repositories should be considered to ensure the availability of research results related to cooperative systems. (Author/publisher) For more information on this project, see http://www.imobilitychallenge.eu/
Samenvatting