Traffic calming has been used and developed during more than 20 year in Denmark, France and Germany. A great experience has been gained and summarized by the Danish Road Directorate in this catalogue. A number of the initiatives which have been taken in recent years in order to reduce the negative impact of car traffic in urban areas can be summarized in the concept of traffic calming. In this catalogue of ideas the definition of the concept is: conversion with the aim to reduce the volume of car traffic and/or reduce car speed on a particular spot, in one or several streets or in whole precinct. The catalogue contains a brief description on the development of the traffic calming concept, the planning process, a short account of what can be achieved by reducing car traffic volume and lowering car speed, introduction of the concept of traffic management by design, the elements of urban space and speed levels - streets and roads, squares, points - from both large and small towns, cheap and expensive solutions and both wholly and partly implemented schemes. Each example includes a description in text and pictures of the conversion and the results achieved.
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