This paper presents the analysis of several case studies and the lessons learned on failures and successes of ITS projects throughout the world. Several matters of concern were identified. They are: (i) costs acceptance and budgetary constraints; (ii) technical matters; (iii) legislation; (iv) the people; and (v) organisational and institutional matters. All these matters are important. However the latter is present throughout all the areas. Large ITS projects may need the use of numerous techniques and may have a lot of partners resulting in complicated structures and a large distribution of tasks and responsibilities. To avoid possible failure managerial matters are crucial. As a consequence a coherent balanced and broad approach is needed in order to take into account all the factors for success. No factor may be forgotten or underestimated.
Samenvatting