This paper discusses a new paradigm for integrated and sustainable transport strategies, and for transport and community development. There is increasing recognition that attempts to achieve environmental and economic sustainability tend to favour the most resource-intensive transport modes. The previous reductionist supply-side strategies are beginning to be replaced by more holistic approaches integrating demand-side and supply-side system management with full-cost pricing. Much can be learned by comparing transport and land development patterns in different countries. Emerging information and communication technologies will contribute to fundamental reforms in integrated transport system management. Innovative technologies, to make vehicles more compatible with environmental protection and sustainable development, must be complemented by and linked to strategies to manage travel demand. To promote sustainable development in transport, it is important to: (1) preserve and protect modal diversity; (2) understand the activity basis of travel demand and travel choices; (3) develop long-term least-cost strategies to shape travel demand and supply; (4) move towards fuller pricing of real transport costs; and (5) promote institutional and pricing system reforms required for appropriate transport policies.
Samenvatting