This paper presents the main policy issues in urban transport and land use, and their interaction, which arise in Central and Eastern Europe. The immediate benefits of applying `consumer choice' in travel and location decisions may limit future choices for access and environmental quality in urban areas and beyond. A systematic approach is needed to investigate the complex interactions between land use and transport and their environmental implications. The effects of transport on land use are outlined and the influence of land use on transport is detailed; some conclusions are presented. Many urban centres in OECD countries face an apparently intractable dilemma: it is widely believed that current trends are unsustainable, even in the short to medium term, but deep and politically `impossible' to change. The paper considers what has gone wrong, and discusses some attempts to use the land-use planning system as an instrument of transport and environmental policy. Some emerging principles for integrating land use and transport planning are presented: (1) planning is necessary but not sufficient; (2) targets are needed; (3) vertical and horizontal integration are essential; (4) encourage integrated development; (5) avoid car dependence and resist `car culture'; and (6) promote selective accessibility. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 893662.
Samenvatting