Étude rétrospective du développement en France de la prévention du risque "alcool au volant" entre 1960 et 1990. Habituellement centrée sur la reaction des conducteurs à la répression, l'approche intégré le contexte national de circulation des produits alcooliques en tant qu'environnement plus ou moins facilitateur de l'action préventive. English abstract: Retrospective study of the development of drinking and driving prevention in France from 1960 to 1990. Usually focused on driver's education to law enforcement, the approach is including as a more or less contributory environment to law implementation process the national alcohol currency context. Official annual data have been used to study the cultural, legal and socioeconomic background of alcohol industry and consumption as well as the drinking and driving movement of repression. The spectacular progress of the repressive action (late eighties) has not any apparent effect on global road accident rates; this late acceleration of the repressive movement links with improved technics of detection and prosecution as much as with a socio-political evolution of the drinking-driving stake and deep mutations of french society during the last 30 years, especially, the cultural changes of wine consumption status (emblematic drink) and the continuous decline of alcohol consuming rates. The progressing drop of daily wine drink is counterbalanced by occasional festive consumptions of more alcoholic drink amounts. The demographic structure of this evolution being concentrated upon the highest accident score groups, the alcohol risk of these populations is potentially increased. The methodological proposal of a multicriteria approach of the evaluation is confirmed by these results and the such emphasised plural process of drinking-driving regulation. (A)
Samenvatting