Following brief reviews of the effects of alcohol on driving ability, risk factors related to driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI), self-reported rates of impaired driving, public perceptions of associated risk, and national trends in DUI, this paper reviews large-scale prevention approached to decreasing DUI-related risk. Initiatives reviewed include grassroots advocacy organisations, mass media interventions, designated driver programs, blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and normative feedback interventions, server intervention and safe ride programs, and federal, state, and community policy initiatives. Emphasis is placed upon summarising the relative effectiveness of the most common large-scale approaches to the prevention of DUI. This review indicated that the most effective large-scale approaches appear to be legal and policy initiatives and multi-component community systems approaches that aim to change the community system as a whole, not individual behaviour. Two exemplary community interventions trials that combined multiple prevention approaches are also reviewed as model large-scale prevention programs. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting