In 1992, the European Commission, through the THERMIE energy-saving programme, launched a call for proposals for targeted projects which would integrate a range of measures and best available technologies for improving and promoting public transport in medium-sized cities. Three projects were selected, involving 21 cities and regions from 10 member states, the largest being the "JUPITER" (Joint Urban Project in Transport Energy Reduction) project. Within the Targeted Transport Projects (TTPs), a variety of measures were implemented in cities which offer a range of sizes, structures and environmental conditions. The TTPs have demonstrated that substantial reductions in energy consumption and vehicle emissions can be achieved by demonstration projects integrating advanced vehicle and clean fuel technologies with transport management measures. A number of lessons can be drawn for developing countries. (A) The French title of this paper is: "Lecons à retirer des programmes européens : JUPITER et THERMIE".
Samenvatting