The Lower Limb Model for Safety (LLMS) is a finite element model (FEM) of the lower limb developed mainly for safety applications. It is based on a detailed description of the lower limb anatomy derived from computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans collected on a subject close to a 50th percentile male. The main anatomical structures from ankle to hip (excluding the hip) were all modeled with deformable elements. The modeling of the foot and ankle region was based on a previous model of P. Beillas et al (1999; see ITRD E203573) that has been modified. The global validation of the LLMS focused on the response of the isolated lower leg to axial loading, the response of the isolated knee to frontal and lateral impact, and the interaction of the whole model with a Hybrid III model in a sled environment, for a total of nine different set-ups. In order to better characterise the axial behaviour of the lower leg, experiments conducted on cadaveric tibia and foot were reanalyzed and experimental corridors were proposed. Future work will include additional validation of the model using global data, joint kinematics data, and deformation data at the local level. (Author/publisher) For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E206605.
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