This paper shows that transport in Russia is one of the major pollutants of the environment. The automobile transport greatly contributes to a general output of "climatic" gases. The Russian Ministry of Transport together with the scientific research institutes has worked out a management system for environmental preservation transport activities. Presently, some suggestions on economic mechanisms stimulating environmental preservation among enterprises have been worked out. Examples are: pollution payments, fines, and suggestions on changing the tax structure. A system of certification and of checking the technical condition of automobiles is being created, oriented strictly towards international standards. Ecological demands, and observations of enterprises in the transport-road complex have been made. Their fulfilment is a mandatory condition for receiving a license for commercial activities in the present sphere. Special methods and computer programs were designed for: (1) calculating the amount of pollution emitted by transport objects; and (2) for simulating the distribution of this pollution in the atmosphere.
Samenvatting