Samenvatting
In this paper the impact loading and response of the pedestrian lower leg is examined using two models for the pedestrian. These are a two segment model with a frictionless pivot at the knee and a three segment model which has a second pivot at the hips. The models are used to examine the influence of bumper height on the kinematics of the lower leg and on the impulsive forces at both the impact point and at the knee joint.