This study developed a two-dimensional (2D) BIOSID dummy lumped-mass model for evaluating the protective effects of both airbags and of interior padding in automobile side impacts. The dummy model was developed by using the MAthematical DYnamic MOdel (MADYMO) 2D crash victim simulation program. The model was intended for use together with mechanical tests. The mathematical BIOSID dummy consisted of five body parts: the head, neck, ribs, spine, and pelvis. The spine and ribs were connected by a number of springs and dampers. The pelvic plug on the side of the pelvic flesh was modelled b y a separate mass. The mechanical BIOSID dummy was impacted by a rigid 23.4 kg pendulum at various impact speeds. The cross-sectional diameter of the pendulum was 150 mm. Tests were conducted with padding and pre-inflated airbags on the pendulum. Sled tests at impact velocities of 9 m/s and 6 m/s were also used to validate the model. Padding of various thicknesses, force deformation properties, and airbags with various internal pressures were tested by using the model. Good agreement was generally obtained between the predictions of the model and the mechanical sled tests.
Samenvatting