Measuring delay by sampling queue backup. Paper prepared for the 55th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board TRB, Washington, D.C., January 1976.

Sampling of queue backup at signalized intersections was studied to evaluate its relationship to delay, for use as a level of service indicator for intersection performance. Time-lapse photography was used at four urban intersections controlled by pre-timed signals to determine time-in-queue delay. At the same time, each field observer sampled the position of the rear of the queue in one lane at 10 second intervals.