Samenvatting
A theoretical model is presented to explain how the motive to achieve and the motive to avoid failure influence behavior in any situation where performance is evaluated against some standard of excellence. A conception of motivation in which strength of motivation is a joint multiplicative function of motive, expectancy (subjective probability), and incentive is offered to account for the selection of one task among alternatives which differ in difficulty (level of aspiration), and also to account for performance level when only one task is presented.