Citizens, local and national governments, and development agencies must find more appropriate roles for motor vehicles, especially cars, to achieve an environmentally sustainable, socially more equitable, and economically viable transport system. It is not sufficient to improve car technology and fuel efficiency, as existing car/road technology is not sustainable. The agenda for a new transport vision has the following basic components: land use reform, priority for public transport, rationalising and reducing car use and ownership, and promoting and increasing the use of walking and cycling. The two main goals are to reduce transport demand and excessive motorisation. Least Cost Transport Planning (LCP) Cost Transport Planning (LCP) methodology aims to minimise the total social costs of meeting service needs, and uses a matrix whose dimensions are transport strategies and social costs. The vision and its methodology are still being refined, but are based on the following examples of good practice: (1) closing parts of central Amsterdam to cars; (2) the Dutch Bicycle Master Plan; (3) Dutch Railways' total marketing approach; (4) integration of bus system and land use measures in Curitiba, Brazil; (5) mass cycle transport in Cuba; (6) integrated bicycle-train policy in Japan; and (7) World Bank and other financing of non-motorised transport modes.
Samenvatting