Optimum size of headlamps for the European lower beam = Grandeur optimale de projecteurs à faisceau Européan unifié = Optimale Scheinwerfergrösse für Europäisches Abblendlicht.

There are many forms and sizes of headlamp. It is shown that the headlamp surface area is determined by discomfort glare, that the seeing distance depends on the horizontal dimension of the headlamp, and that height and focal distance of the reflector influence the foreground illumination.