This study examines differences in the traffic regulations relating to pedestrian crossings in various European countries. It provides a risk analysis and considers the existing regulations and directives. Differences in the collection of accident statistics among countries are highlighted. In 2005 pedestrian fatalities were highest in Spain and lowest in the Netherlands but on pedestrian crossings the fatalities were highest in Norway, Italy and Switzerland and lowest in the Netherlands and Germany. In most countries (except Italy) drivers are expected to give way to any pedestrian with an evident intention to cross the road. Legislation on the rights of skaters, wheelchair users, disabled people and children and the elderly differ among countries. In most countries the design of pedestrian crossings include white or yellow stripes on the road, often coupled with a vertical sign. Several countries use pedestrian crossings only in built-up area, preferring traffic light controlled crossings where vehicle speeds will be higher. Neither the rules and regulations relating to crossings nor differences in their design among the countries are thought to contribute to the casualty rate, but improvements are suggested.
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