Pedestrian impacts. PENDANT Pan-European Co-ordinated Accident and Injury Databases, Workpackage 2 - Development and analysis of in-depth crash injury database for car occupants and pedestrians, Analysis as part of Deliverable D11, Appendix 7.

After some corrections of the dataset there is a total number of n=67 cases with n=69 pedestrians in collision with a vehicle conforming to the Pendant criteria that were gathered by teams in 6 European countries. Pedestrian accidents typically happened in urban locations on a two-way single carriageway and in dry weather conditions. 25% of the pedestrians were children up to 15 years and 30% were elderly persons of more than 60 years of age. Only 10% of pedestrians had a body height of lower than 150 cm and 30% lower than 160 cm. Pedestrians were moving quickly before impact; 34% were walking quickly and 27% were running. The impact configuration found, that 90% of the pedestrians crossed the driving line of the car. The collision speed of the vehicles was up to 40km/h for 75% of the pedestrians and up to 50km/h for 90% of all pedestrians. Most of the pedestrians in the study sustained severe or fatal injuries. Only 31% of the pedestrians had out-patient treatment at a hospital. All pedestrians suffered injuries to the lower leg and 57% sustained head injuries. The most severely injured body regions (AIS 3+) were the legs (26.7%) and head (25.5%). For pedestrian accidents a EuroNCAP component test procedure with three different components is used. These are; - impact of lower leg component at the front bumper of the car - impact of pelvis component at the front edge of the bonnet - impact of head component to the even area of the bonnet Of the 69 pedestrians no head injuries were to be caused by an impact to the bonnet. Only 1 pedestrian (1.4%) suffered a pelvic injury attributed to the bonnet. This injury was the most severe of this pedestrian. Seventeen pedestrians (21.7%) suffered injuries of the lower leg from an impact with the front bumper of the vehicle - for nine of these this injury was the most severe injury sustained. Due to the lack of head impacts to the bonnet, head impacts to the windscreen and A-pillar were also analysed. Ten pedestrians suffered injuries from a head impact to the windscreen - 5 of these injuries were the most severe injury sustained. In one case the head of the pedestrian impacted the A-pillar of the car resulting in an AIS 4 injury. (Author/publisher)