Pendulum tests using rigid and crushable bumpers. Paper prepared for the 54th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, January 1975.

A test program is reported in which 19 tests of a breakaway sign support are carried out thereby using a 900 kg pendulum mass impacting the support at 32 km/h. It was concluded that momentum change criterion is insufficient in evaluating results of pendulum tests using a rigid bumper. Use of a bumper with vehicle crush characteristics appears to provide a superior experimental evaluation.