This chapter briefly considers appropriate public transport modes (bus, train and tram), then discusses various combinations and aspects of the public and private operation of public transport systems. Some simple mathematical analysis is used to present relevant considerations from the economics of transport. The operation of purely commercial services, which aim to maximise their profit and are subject to competition between different operators, is considered first. However, some bus services and most rail services in the UK continue to receive some subsidies. Subsidy providers are likely to specify the provision of minimum levels of service, and may also specify fares. The objectives of the providers of subsidies and of services both need consideration. Some reasons are discussed why a purely commercial approach to public transport operations may be inappropriate. An approach is proposed for finding socially optimal pricing and service levels in public transport. Some practical issues arising in public transport provision are mentioned, including the ease of use of public transport services, which has an important effect on their perceived attractiveness. The UK's experience in deregulating and privatising bus and rail transport is discussed and assessed. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 892228.
Samenvatting