This paper describes analyses of the potential impacts of cordon-type road pricing schemes on travel behaviour and automobile emissions in the Greater Toronto Area. The potential influence of road pricing on travel behaviour was analyzed using an incremental logit model and the variable demand automobile assignment feature of EMME/2. Link traffic volumes calculated by EMME/2 were subjected to a post-processor analysis to improve the vehicle speed estimates. MOBILE5C was used to calculate automobile emissions. Five cordon-type road pricing schemes were analyzed and these are shown to have great potential for diverting trip makers to other modes and start times and for improving traffic flow quality. The largest reductions in automobile emissions are shown to be in the central employment area. (A)
Samenvatting