Twenty-six participants drove at night for 135 min. on a simulated two-lane rural road with light traffic, and filled out a battery of questionnaires. Six drivers had "accidents" and ten other drivers had serious "incidents". Drivers scoring high on an "extroversion-boredom" personality cluster were most likely to have accidents due to falling asleep. Drivers scoring high on an "disinhibition-honesty" cluster, were more likely to have incidents which seem to have been due, in part, to a need for stimulation rather than to drowsiness. Discriminant and multiple regression analyses were used to predict accidents and incidents. The best predicting measures for poor driving were the frequency of eye closures exceeding 1 s and the number of times in the 6 min. periods prior to an event that Time-to-Line Crossings were below 0.5 s. Dissociation of physiological and subjective effort measures was observed and explained by a two-level information processing model. This model has important ramifications for the interpretation of workload measurements in general. (A)
Samenvatting