This paper describes the development of a one-dimensional lumped parameter model to simulate the cadaver experiments carried out at Wayne State University and its validation. The model is used to study: (1) the protective effect of the shoulder on the thorax; and (2) the effect of the padding on the force and duration of impact sustained by the occupant when a thick padding is used. It was found that the shoulder can provide substantial protection to the thorax and without shoulder engagement, the force on the thorax can be approximately 45% higher. This calls for additional cadaver testing, since the existing side impact dummies are apparently too stiff to be representative of the human. As for the loss of free air space due to the padding, the model predicted an increase in both the force level, and in thoracic deformation if the padding is too stiff.
Samenvatting