This report provides a realistic assessment of how land-use changes, passenger transport improvements and travel demand management (TDM) measures can reduce road trip demand. It is an assessment of the impacts of the three instruments through literature review and discussions with relevant authorities. No new data have been collected for this review, which takes a broad, policy level of analysis to determine the scale of changes achievable with these instruments. The analysis framework consists of investigating several case studies for each instrument. This is followed by determining the relationship between road demand reduction and that instrument. An empirical approach has been adopted where possible. Data from modelling studies are also used to supplement the analysis. A total of nine cases have been selected for investigation. The overall policy implication from this review of a wide range of demand management tools is that there is no simple quick fix to achieve road demand reduction. A very positive direction is to investigate the concept of a higher density development with better land-use mixes around railway nodes and along railway corridors. The impact of the Adelaide O-Bahn, the Perth Northern Suburbs Transit System and the Gold Coast Railway, although small, can be improved with more effort in publicity campaigns in the short term and land-use changes along these rail or O-Bahn corridors in the long term. (A)
Samenvatting