Transport is a major user of carbon-based fuels, and is increasingly being highlighted as the sector which contributes least to CO2 emission reduction targets. This paper reports on the findings of the current VIBAT London study (www.vibat.org) which considers the role of the transport sector in reducing CO2 emissions in London. The analysis uses a transport and carbon simulation game (TC-SIM) for London. Within this, users are able to consider a series of potential policy packages - low emission vehicles, alternative fuels, pricing regimes, public transport, walking and cycling, strategic and local urban planning, information and communication technologies, smarter choices, ecological driving and slower speeds, long distance travel substitution, freight transport, and international air - and select variable levels of application to help achieve headline CO2 emission reduction targets. The roles of two external enabling measures are also considered - carbon rationing and oil pricing. TC-SIM can be played in different user modes: as "free riders", "techno optimists", "enviro-optimists", "complacent car addicts" and other typical travel market segments, including a "free role". Game playing or scenario testing such as this helps to highlight the perceived level of homogeneity of views within certain cohorts, thedevelopment of entrenched positions and likely success in achieving objectives. The policy levers available are described and various policy packages and pathways aimed at reducing transport CO2 emissions are developed. It is observed that headline CO2 emission reduction targets are very ambitious relative to current progress. More effective action across a wide range of policy mechanisms is required, with a "high intensity" application ofmany of the options, to get near to achieving these targets. A critical issue here will be in communicating and selling future lifestyle choices tostakeholders and the public. For the covering abstract see ITRD E145999
Samenvatting