In the field of rehabilitation, the selection of injury outcomes has been guided by an evolving series of conceptual models of disability. These include the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps (ICIDH) proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1980, two models proposed by the Institute of Medicine in 1991 and 1997, and the WHO's 1999 revision of its model, titled "International Classification of Functioning and Disability (ICIDH-2)." When applied to injury, all of these conceptual models differentiate three levels of injury outcomes: the organ level, the person level, and the societal level. The ICIDH-2 recognizes that contextual factors are an integral component of the model and it includes a classification of environmental factors along with the other three dimensions. From these conceptual models, four categories of rehabilitation measures have emerged. These are discussed in this paper and include impairment measures, measures of activities of daily living, participation measures, and environmental measures. In addition, two other outcomes are discussed: health status measures and subjective well-being measures.
Samenvatting