The objective of this study was to determine whether Iowa’s license restriction program identifies older drivers who appear to be at greater crash risk and to assess compliance with license restrictions. A total of 522 drivers 70 and older who were attempting to renew their driver’s licenses at licensing offices in Iowa participated in two telephone surveys: one shortly after renewal to discuss driving before renewal and another 6 months later to assess any changes. Surveys assessed driving behaviour, crashes, and violations as well as self-reported visual impairments, prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations. Of the 522 drivers, 232 renewed their license without having to take a road test (group 1), and 290 were required to take a road test; of drivers taking a road test, 191 renewed without restrictions (group 2), 93 received restrictions (group 3), and 6 had their license suspended (group 4). The small number of drivers with suspensions precluded including the group in analyses. There were clear distinctions among drivers in first three groups at the initial survey. Driver age increased across groups 1-3, as did some visual impairments, number of prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations. Many drivers who received restrictions (group 3) already were driving fewer miles than drivers in groups 1-2, and driving less often at night and on high-speed roads. Following license renewal, reported average weekly mileage decreased more among drivers with license restrictions (group 3) (36 percent) than among drivers without restrictions (groups 1-2) (4 percent each). For all license restriction types (head light, geographic area, or speed), decreases in the likelihood of driving during these restricted conditions were greater for drivers with the relevant restrictions than without. Most drivers complied with restrictions. It is concluded that Iowa’s license restriction program seems to identify drivers with more self-reported visual impairments, prescription medications, and physical mobility limitations. Driving exposure was reduced among drivers who received restrictions, though it appears in some cases the restrictions reinforced decisions already made by drivers. The overall safety benefits of restricted licensing are yet unknown. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting