Noninterventionist options for reducing emissions of carbonaceous pollutants from mobile sources are presented and explored. Expectations from emision control systems designed chiefly to reduce the output of regulated pollutants are discussed first. Opportunities forincremental control of emissions of carbon bound in gaseous form that appear to have good potential for success but do not require new federal tax or incentive measures specifically directed at the greenhouse problem are then explored. The presentation of control technologies considers, in turn, passenger vehicles and light-duty trucks, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, and nonhighway vehicular modes (air, rail, water). Discussion of incremental control opportunities focuses first on hardware and modification of existing fuels for reducedemissions and improved fuel efficiency, then on advanced vehicular technologies and fuels, new refrigerants, and in-use emissions testing and travel reduction strategies. Finally, opportunities for continuation of the current net downward trend in fuel consumption by most nonhighway transportation activities are described. It is concluded that evolutionary developments in most transportation activities--developments driven by the search for greater fuel efficiency, reduction of regulated pollutants, or even simple cost saving--will play an effective role in mitigating the contribution of domestic mobile sources to "greenhouse warming." This paper appears in transportation research record no. 1267, Global warming: transportation and energy consideration 1990.
Samenvatting