Road user charging schemes are emerging worldwide. Until recently these were limited primarily to ETC schemes on new or upgraded motorways or highways. Concurrently an explosion of technology choices for charging and enforcement of road user charging has occurred, led by rapid policy development. This paper presents a critical analysis of the technologies, applications, and risks and risk mitigation methods available to private infrastructure operators and public authorities relating to planning, deployment and operations of road user charging systems in a complex policy environment. A case study on Austria's Truck Tolling System demonstrates that a national road pricing scheme can be implemented on time and on budget. For the covering abstract see E134653.
Samenvatting