Rollover is defined as roll of minimum 90 degrees or a quarter roll. In the Pendant Database there are a total number of 1240 vehicles gathered by teams from 8 different European countries that followed the Pendant criteria. The mean value of rollovers of all collected cases is 16%. Most rollovers were gathered in France (24.5%) and the least in Austria with 6.7%. 39.2% of vehicles with a rollover had a half roll. 14% had more than one roll. Most of the rollovers (58.8%) occur after an impact of the car and 32.7% are rollovers without an impact. More than a half (55.3%) of the cars rolled to the drivers' side and 33.7% to the passenger side. Only 5.5% rolled over the front and 2% over the rear end. More than 50.3% of the cars were lying on the roof. Cars with ABS have less frequent rollovers (14.9%) than cars without (20.4%). Cars with ABS often also are equipped with electronic stability systems. Cars equipped with electronic stability systems have a smaller proportion of rollovers (8.5%) than cars without (17.9%). Within the Pendant database there is no parameter for driving speed before reaction of driver or the collision speed. The only parameters for speed are delta-v and energy equivalent speed (EES). The delta-v and the energy equivalent speed for rollover cars are lower than those from non-rollover cars. A grade for the severity of accidents is the maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale value (MAIS) of all occupants of a vehicle. Comparing this for rollover and nonrollover cars, the number of uninjured occupants is much higher for non-rollover cars. For the analysis of the risk of rollovers it is necessary to select only those vehicles with injured occupants. Rollovers often are combined with other impacts, so determining which injuries are caused by the impact and which by the rollover is important. For this reason the rollovers were divided into two groups; with impact, and without impact. It can be seen that rollovers without impacts have a risk of injuries up to level MAIS 3. Rollovers with an impact have a higher risk of MAIS 4+. Ejection of occupants for non-rollovers is very rare (1.8%). The risk of ejection increases for rollovers without impact (5.1%) and is most frequent for rollovers with impact (8%). The risk for entrapment of occupants is lowest for rollover without impact (3.4%) and highest for rollover with impact (17.0%). At present, there is no EuroNCAP test procedure for rollover accidents. (Author/publisher)
Samenvatting