Samenvatting
Submarining is an injury-causing phenomenon in which the pelvis and hips slip out from under the lap safety belt restraint. Serious or fatal injury of the abdominal contents, the lower dorsal and the lumbar spine and the diaphragm may occur. Race car constructors recognize the improved control of the pelvis and hips provided by seats with little or no padding and with stiff elevations in front of the buttocks.