Samenvatting
The policymaking and economic grounds for congestion charging are discussed. The efficiency of congestion charging is assessed based on what econometrics indicates about elasticities. Congestion charging and other ways of promoting sustainable development are discussed. The co-ordinated use of all available instruments to reduce congestion is recommended, including congestion charging. Charging alone is not considered likely to achieve modal transfer. Cutting down just-in-time delivery practices, spatial planning in urban areas, and vehicle / traffic management research are all considered important. For the covering abstract of this conference see ITRD E128114.