Simulated pedestrian travel and exposure to vehicle emissions.

This paper analyses pedestrian exposure to vehicle emissions and the role played by signal timings. A complex network is coded in a micro-simulation model that allows tracking of vehicle and pedestrian movements and is linked to an emissions data base. The effects of these emissions on the pedestrian paths and crossings are then estimated using an air dispersion model. The suitability of various traffic signal plans and how they impact pedestrian exposure to CO and PM emissions is discussed. (A) Reprinted with permission from Elsevier.