Samenvatting
This publication reviews the scientific literature since 1980 about drivers who have been convicted more than once of driving while impaired by alcohol (DWI). It covers the role of such drivers in alcohol-related crashes, their characteristics, and the nature and effectiveness of countermeasures designed to reduce their alcohol-crash involvement. The review was performed as a part of a larger review of the state of knowledge about alcohol-impaired driving at the millennium. (Author/publisher)