A few issues relating to the impact of the Electronic Toll Collection System (ETCS) on traffic flow need to be resolved to make ETCS efficient. Two system dynamics (SD) models were developed for evaluating ETCS operation. Using these models, the authors estimated the effect of system interruptions and the effect of shortening the recovery time. The importance of the toll barrier design in regard to the percentage of ETCS equipped vehicles was also confirmed. SD was found to be very effective in evaluating ETCS.
Samenvatting