Successful transfer nodes (P+R) patterns and land use planning.

Objective to create P+R (park and ride) facilities and a build up a network of such facilities is an important goal of transport policies in most of western and eastern European countries. This P+R project is part of the Dutch new mobility management policy. This policy is focusing on stimulating the private sector to develop new products and services that are tailor-made to travellers' wishes. A P+R site (small, medium or large) and a network of P+R can be seen as a new product/service if the P+R site and the network take these travellers' wishes into account. In the Netherlands and other European countries most car travellers are only prepared to make use of the P+R facilities if the Public Transport (PT) services correspond with their individual demands. After the description of travellers' wishes, three other fundamental and important aspects are considered: spatial-transport, spatial-economic and land use. It is clear that every P+R facility, small or big, could be in principle a success. The different user target groups and their wishes and demands are linked to marketing mix models. P+R and public transport services can only be successful if these services are competitive with the already excellent and ever improving comfort of the car for the user. Every transport planner knows that in principle PT cannot compete with the car unless a "level playing field" is created in relation to congestion in urban and metropolitan areas and high parking charges in inner cities. A P+R network which comprises a lot of small, some medium-sized and only a few larger P+R facilities is proposed. Such a P+R network in a metropolitan and urban area would improve accessibility and thus could facilitate and support the economic development of the region. Some of the medium-sized or larger P+R facilities could also be a starting point for area development of business, shopping and housing estates. These developments could be linked to the spatial and transport life cycle and growth stage theories and models and also to spatial and urban planning patterns. For the covering abstract please see ITRD E135207.