In line with the European climate policy and going even further, the Dutch government has set ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction by 2020. Therefore, it aims at accelerating the market penetration of innovative technologies for sustainable mobility. This paper presents two innovation-scenarios in terms of their impacts on energy use and CO2 emissions of technical innovations in drive trains and alternative fuels in the Dutch road transport sector. The options considered are (plug-in) hybrids,efficient tyres, intelligent transport systems, biofuels, CNG/biogas and hydrogen. The prospects of these options and their conditions for success are discussed in detail. Emission reductions and costs are presented for the years 2020 and 2030, where the largest emission reductions are achievedwith passenger cars, followed by delivery vans. In relative terms, buses show the largest emission reductions. It is considered that technical innovations in drive trains and alternative fuels can achieve substantial CO2 emission reductions in the Dutch road transport sector. The cost effectiveness in terms of Euro per ton avoided CO2 depends on the development of fuel prices and on the extent to which economies of scale and learning effects occur. Moreover, not all benefits can easily be quantified. It is also discussed which further non-technical options for emission reduction exist, and the policies required to achieve a transition towards a more sustainable transport sector. Since this takes several decades, early action is necessary, but needs to be coupled to a long-term strategy with clear priorities. It also requires a balancing of different policy objectives, such as CO2 emission reduction, energy savings, air quality and reduction of thedependence on imported oil. For the covering abstract see ITRD E145999
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