This paper describes the parts of the Swindon freight model which are concerned with the environment and traffic congestion. Changes in congestion are calculated, for all road users in the town, using speed/flow relationships, and converted to monetary costs. It is not possible to cost environmental changes, nor indeed is there any single completely satisfactory measure of environmental change. The measures produced by the model include changes in goods vehicle travel along different types of street and changes in the exposure of pedestrians and households to traffic noise and traffic nuisance. The measure of noise used is the hourly l10 level in db(a). for traffic nuisance, a measure is developed based on the limited information available at present on the nuisance caused by goods vehicles of different sizes in different situations. (author/publisher) for covering abstract of this seminar see IRRD no. 229391.
Samenvatting