Switzerland: North-South Axis Traffic Management.

Managing the north-south traffic stream through Switzerland is a major challenge at the beginning of the 21st century. Setting the goals to protectthe Alps against the nuisances caused by traffic and to improve safety inthe long tunnels, where security is a critical issue, has lead to the adoption of measures focusing on goods traffic. These measures apply first ofall to the roads, and in particular to the St Gotthard and St Bernardino road tunnels through the Alps. Limiting the freight traffic going through the tunnels, in order to ensure users safety, was a result of a strategic decision. This strategy is supplemented by another policy that shifts freight transport from the road onto the railways. To achieve this, tremendousinvestments have been granted to make rail goods transport across the Alps more competitive, leading to the construction of two very important railway tunnels. The report describes the four main Swiss roads crossing the Alps and the number of heavy goods vehicles using these routes in 2005 and the first quarter of 2006. Following the fire in the St Gotthard tunnel inOctober 2001 a traffic management policy has been implemented to limit heavy goods traffic passing through the tunnel, based on the number of cars.This reduces the risk of accidents. In the San Bernadino tunnel, an alternated traffic rule is applied to HGVs - these can pass through the tunnel only in one direction in a given time interval. The "Alpine transit fund",set up to help manage reduced traffic capacity across the Alps, is being tested and implemented. There are two models, based on voluntary or compulsory toll systems. An objective of the Swiss Transport policy is to shift as much heavy goods traffic crossing the Alps from road to rail. Means to achieve this goal include the Heavy Vehicle Fee, modernising the railway basic equipment and through railway legal reform. There are two main railways crossing the Alps, through the Gotthard tunnel and the Loetchberg railway tunnel. In addition to the traditional loading of cars/trucks on the train, railway goods transportation is promoted through what is known as "combined traffic". This means that goods elements such as container trailers, semi-trailers and trucks are loaded upon the train for long distance travels. Detailed local distribution is then carried out using the road. For the covering abstract see ITRD E139491.